Law and religion in ethiopia the evolution of a complex. Every ethiopian has the right to engage freely in economic activity and to pursue a livelihood of his choice anywhere within the national territory. In the peoples democratic republic of ethiopia judicial authority. The 1995 ethiopian constitution is very difficult to amend, chapter 3 in particular requires all states to approve the proposed amendments. A unanimous support from states is near impossible in a democracy as any one state can use its vote as a bargaining chip to make impossible demands. Constitution refers to alem ebook arthur butz hoax of the 20th century pdf akef. Pdf state constitutions in federal ethiopia researchgate. National anthem of ethiopia the national anthem of ethiopia, to be determined by law, shall reflect the ideals of the constitution, the commitment of the peoples of ethiopia to live together in a democratic order and of their common destiny. Their sovereignty shall be expressed through their representatives elected in accordance with this constitution and through their direct democratic participation article 9 supremacy of the constitution. Constitution of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia. This constitution is an expression of their sovereignty. The peoples democratic republic of elhiopia is a soverei, state whose territory comprisin, the land. It was promulgated in an impressive ceremony held 16 july 1931 in the presence of emperor haile selassie, who had long desired to proclaim one for his country. The precarious future of the ethiopian constitution.
The federal democratic republic of ethiopia constitution amharic version, 266. Ethiopian constitution, the flag, map, and federalism. The 1994 constitution reflected both a backlash against the dergs ethnic violence and ethiopias multitude of ethnic groups. This proclamation may be cited as the constitution of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia. Foreign nationals may acquire ethiopian nationality. Doc amendment of state constitution in ethiopia in. The constitution attempted to situate ethiopia in the context of the worldwide movement of socalled progressive states and made no direct reference to africa. The constitution of the united states preamble we the people of the united states, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do. The making of ethiopian constitution of 1995 kichuu. Accordingly, the ethiopian state shall be called the federal democratic republic of ethiopia. The 1931 constitution of ethiopia was the first modern constitution for ethiopia, intended to officially replace the fetha nagast, which had been the supreme law since the middle ages. It lacks legitimacy as a result of a constitutionmaking process that was not inclusive, as well as the subsequent serious lack of integrity and vitality in the constitutional system. On this page you can read or download 1931 ethiopian constitution document pdf in pdf format. It was adopted by the transitional government of ethiopia in december 1994 and came into force following the general election held in mayjune 1995.
While, because of fallible but capable of learning from experience, human nature. Ethiopian constitution the following english translation of the ethiopian draft constitution is an unofficial draft that has been released to enable members of the international community follow the discussions and forthcoming elections, pending publication of the official translation. Given in our imperial capital, on this the 24th day of tekemt, 1948 ethiopian calandar, and on the twentyfifth anniversary of our coronation. A proposed revision of the 1955 constitution was released in 1974, but it had no legal effect, and was soon forgotten in the events of the ethiopian revolution. Establishment of the secretariat of the house of peoples representatives and of the house of the federation proclamation. Ethiopian constitution the africa center university of pennsylvania.
Here are six major features or principles of the current fdre ethiopian constitution. State constitutions in federal ethiopia article pdf. The derg pursued a policy of ethiopian nationalism, which often led to human rights abuses against ethnic groups who did not support the dergs centralization of power. A person of either sex born to both or one ethiopian parent is of ethiopian nationality. Whereas, twentyfour years ago, at the beginning of our reign, we granted to our faithful subjects and proclaimed a constitution for the empire of ethiopia. Ethiopian constitution 1995 amharic version pdf by. Topics derg, mengistu collection opensource language english. Ethiopian constitution of 1931 3 may be appointed o cers in the army or civil o cials, or to any other posts or o ces in the service of the state. Every ethiopian national has the right to equal access to publicly funded social services. Education system ethiopia1 9 mb ethiopian school leaving certificate ethiopian higher education entrance.
Abstract leaving constitutional space to sub national units so as to frame their own constitutions is an invariable practice across most federations. Constitution of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia wipo. Particulars relating to nationality shall be determined by law. What are the basic principles of the fdre constitution in. Doc overview on the ethiopian constitution mustefa. Pdf on jan 1, 2004, tsegaye regassa and others published state constitutions in federal ethiopia find, read and cite all the research you need on. The three colors shall be set horizontally in equal dimension, 2. Strongly committed, in full and free exercise of our right to selfdetermination, to building a political community founded on the rule of law and capable of ensuring a lasting peace, guaranteeing a democratic order, and advancing our economic and social development.
The peoples democratic republic of ethiopia shall, while ae romplishing the national democratic revolution, lay. Defination of powers and duties of the executive organs of the fdre. Nationalism, selfdetermination, article 39, the eyes of. Article 29 reproduced also in the official amharic text below2 states.
Constitutional history of ethiopia constitutionnet. The constitution was drawn up by the constituent assembly that was elected in june 1994. Constitution of ethiopia wikisource, the free online library. Ethiopian constitution of 1931 ethiopian legal brief. Ethiopias ancient system of feudal government experienced significant changes under haile selassie i reigned 193074, who carefully grafted onto the traditional governing institutions a weak parliament of appointed and elected legislators, a judiciary with modernized civil and criminal codes and a hierarchy of courts, and an executive. Selassie in may 1991, the much hated and brutal militarymarxist dictatorship that traumatized ethiopians for seventeen years was finally overthrown. The ethiopian flag shall consist of green at the top, yellow in the middle and red at the bottom, and shall have a national emblem at the center. The emperors and the republicscucullus non facit monachum, cardozo j.
Critics claim that the constitution was no more than an abridged version of the 1977 soviet constitution, with the exception that strong powers were assigned to the newly created. About the constitution of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia. One feature of great import throughout the constitution, and one that places this constitution on a pedestal of its own, mo. Comments this is the official text as published in the federal negarit gazeta of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia, 1st year no. Revised constitutions of regional states ethiopian legal. Problems and prospects for democracy by alemante g. The major military, if not the political, forces responsible for the demise of the dictatorship known as the.
All members of the ethiopian army owe absolute loyalty and obedience to the emperor, in conformity with the provisions of the law. The current ethiopian constitution suffers from a severe lack of legitimacy. Even foreign nationals can apply to get ethiopian nationality through specified legal procedure. Ethiopian constitution english and amharic version. Constitution applies equally for male and female nationals. The language of these two articles is simple, plain, straightforward, unambiguous and requires no interpretation. Any person of either sex shall be an ethiopian national where both or either parent is ethiopian. If you dont see any interesting for you, use our search form on bottom v. Constitution of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia home basic information general. Provisions of this constitution set out in the masculine gender shall also. Ethiopian constitution amharic version pdf ethiopia. As per the 1994 constitution the ethiopian flag is defined as per the below articles. Every ethiopian has the right to choose his or her means of livelihood, occupation and profession.
And the amharic version which according to article 106 has the final. This constitution establishes a federal and democratic state structure. Ethiopia adopted a constitution that creates a two. Back in 1995, tplf didnt draft the current constitution to create a new political system. This constitution establishes a federal and democratic state. Ethiopian constitution pdf amharic version ethiopia. The paper argues that while the constitution envisages that the federal system would bring about a national cohesion that goes beyond economic and political union among the ethiopian peoples, it. Firmly convinced that the fulfillment of this objective. The imperial constitutions of the empire of ethiopia. Article 7 gender reference provisions of this constitution set out in the masculine gender shall also apply to the feminine gender. On this page you can read or download weakness of ethiopian constitution pdf in pdf format.
Download weakness of ethiopian constitution pdf document. The constitution was adopted on 8 december 1994 and promulgated by the constitution of the federal democratic. Ethiopian constitution of 1955 6 b from the date of the proclamation of the present constitution, all realty registered in the name of the crown bete mengist are held in trust for the crown under the guardianship of the emperor and are inalienable. Minasse haile, comparing human rights in two ethiopian constitutions. The constitution of the peoples democratic republic of ethiopia preamble we.
Ethiopian orthodox church was the established church of the empire and was, as such, supported by the state. Their right is founded solely and exclusively on the sweeping constitutional guarantees they enjoy under articles 29 and of the ethiopian constitution. Constitution of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia ilo. We, the nations, nationalities and peoples of ethiopia. Provisions of this constitution set out in the masculine gender shall also apply to the. The current constitution of ethiopia, which is the supreme law of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia, came into force on 21 august 1995.
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