In his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, mcgregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address. Based entirely on fact, the film utilizes stock footage and features eyewitnesses who serve to recreate the startling event. Generation y in relation to mcgregors theory of x and y. The idea behind using letters x and y, perhaps seems to be using a. My boss asks me politely to do things, gives me reasons why, and invites my suggestions. Theory y is based on a faulty conception of human nature. Today, above assumptions are applied across the most of the organizations and in. Critically evaluate mcgregors theroy x and theory y. Mcgregors famous distinction between theory x and theory y. Social psychologist mcgregors theoryx and theoryyof mit expounded two contrasting theories on human motivation and management in the 1960s. This is not an example of the work produced by our essay writing service.
The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. Mcgregor developed a philosophical view of humankind with his theory x and theory y in 1960. In this article, we are going to talk about the major differences between theory x and theory y. Douglas mcgregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour. Theory x and theory y are theories of human work motivation and management. Pdf leadership style and organizational performance have been researched extensively. Mcgregors beliefs if there is anything he was trying to overcome or destroy, it was the institutional habit of talking about the virtues of democracy. Mcgregor argued that these assumptions fall into two broad categories theory x and theory y. I would like to apply the same theories in education describing. Mcgregors theory x and theory y theory of motivation. This refers to an authoritarian management style, where reward and punishment is seen as the best way to motivate employees to meet objectives. Dogan unlucan mcgregor theories x and theory y student. The three prior studies that have made this distinction were recently conducted solely to develop constructvalid measures of both.
Theory x and y created by mcgregor has been a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. This theory divides workers and managers in the organization in two typical groups according to how managers lead their subordinates and respectively how subordinates behave. There is no evidence to confirm that either set of assumptions is valid. Theory x, theory y, and theory z introduction to business. These theories are based on the premise that management has to assemble all the factors of production, including human beings, to get the work done. A,b,c x,y,z mcgregors profile bachelors from wayne state university district manager of retail gas company worked with transient laborers masters and phd from harvard psychologist at mit president at antioch. The human dislikes responsibilities, prefers to be directed, remains unambiguous. The work of douglas mcgregor, 2 application of the theory the thoroughly dramatic plot by members of hitlers staff to exterminate their leader is painstakingly spelled out in this film.
Mcgregor recognised certain needs that theory x fails to take into account. The theory x and theory y are the theories of motivation given by douglas mcgregor in 1960s. Mcgregor promoted theory y as the basis of good management practice, pioneering the argument that workers are not merely cogs in the company machinery, as theory xtype organizations. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit. In the 1960s, douglas mcgregor from mit came up with the theoryx and theoryy to describe styles of managers. Theory x and theory y behavior scale kopelman, prottas, and falk, 2008.
Mcgregor s ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as theory x and. Many years ago a professor named mcgregor dubbed these perspectives theory x and theory y. Either theory x or theory y assumptions may be appropriate in a particular situation. The idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor, a management professor at the massachusetts institute of technology during the 1950s and 1960s. Douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous theory x and y in his book the human side of enterprise in 1960. In contrast to the principles of conventional management mentioned as theory x, the advocated theory y illuminated a cluster of new or redefined concepts such as selffulfilling prophecy and responsibility. Theory y put forward the idea that management by objectives and involving workers in the decisionmaking process would lead to the creation of a satisfied and more productive workforce. Advanced management theories edb 661 by nsot omini nsot reg no. Theoryx and theoryy management applicationbusiness implications for workforce motivation. Develop the best approach to bring out the best in your people. Mcgregors theory x and y individuals should be threatened and controlled strictly with the aim to keep them work hard. Fortythree years ago, douglas mcgregors the human side of enterprise offered managers a new assumption of management theory y, which would be. Leaders know best, and should closely direct actions taken by staff, with little room for independence and.
In his 1960 management book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor made his mark on the history of organizational management and motivational psychology when he proposed the two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. Pdf application of mcgregors theory x and theory y. Douglas mcgregor in his book, the human side of enterprise published in 1960 has examined theories on. Xteacher and theory yteacher aboluays anas musings. In this essay both of mcgregors theories on management, theory x and theory y, will have their evolution explained with the differences. It is important to understand the two terms, internal motivation and external motivation is made up of the forces which exist within an individual, i. These two assumptions became known as mcgregors theory x and theory y. It became very popular in the field of hr and it was a model that helped shift management from the negative paradigm to a positive spin. View homework help douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y. As the classical theory of human behavior, theory x presents employees. Motivation, theory x and y, classroom, management manager and organisation introduction douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous theory x and y in his book the human side of enterprise in 1960. Many theorists support that mcgregors theory considers the field of management from a new angle, indicating a strong influential value. Features of mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. Mcgregors xy theory is a natural rule for managing people.
X and consider using the techniques suggested by theory y. On the other extreme, theory y is diametrically opposite to theory x which shows the modern and dynamic approach to individuals and relies on the assumptions that are practical in nature. Douglas mcgregor is the one who constructed theory x and y in the 1960s. In the 1960s, douglas murray mcgregor, a famous mit professor of management wrote a book named the human side of enterprise in which he analyzed the various behaviors of professionals at work. Managers generally have one of two perspectives regarding their employees. The climate in a theory x organisation tends to be impersonal and the theory suggests carrot and stick approach to motivation. Introduction theory x and y was developed by douglas mcgregor, a social psychologist in 1960. Mcgregors theory x and theory y are theories about human behavior and motivation in the organization that was published in 1960 by douglas mcgregor. Theory x and theory y type leadership behavior and its. He was a strong supporter of theories x and y, and he put theory y that people want to work, achieve and take responsibility into practice in a californian electronics factory. Get an answer for what is the difference between mcgregors theory x and theory y and maslows hierarchy of needs. Mcgregor himself held to the belief that theory y assumptions were more valid than theory x.
You can view samples of our professional work here. In actual practice, most managers today practice a combination of theory x and theory y styles of management. Application of theory x and y in classroom management by. Theory x and theory y framework proposed by mcgregor in his classic book the human side of enterprise 1960 consists of two alternative set of assumptions. Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model. In 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees. The x y theory questionnaire page 1 of 2 indicates whether the situation and management style is the x or y style. Pdf douglas mcgregors landmark book, the human side of enterprise, changed the path of management thinking and practice by. Douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 was a lecturer at harvard university and became the first sloan fellows professor at mit his theory x and theory y was detailed in the human side of enterprise, published in 1960. Theory x management style generally get poor results compare with managers use theory y, which produces better performance and results, and allows people to. Mcgregors theory x and theory y introduction human beings have been studied systematically and objectively for many years to determine if they are resistant to work or selfgoverning.
Theory x management style generally get poor results compare with managers use theory y, which produces better performance and results, and allows people to grow and develop. However, he found that an organisation driven solely by theory y could not succeed, as some sense of direction and structure was required. Theory x percieves employees to be lazy, irresponsible and untrustworthy, while according to theory y employees are approached as one of the most valuable assets of the company. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit sloan school of management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s.
Theory x and theory y, introduced in the book and are known for management and human motivation. Pdf theory x and theory y published in the sage encyclopedia. The idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor. Theory into practice abraham maslow viewed mcgregor as a mentor. Read this article to learn about mcgregors theory of x and theory y. First, there has been a failure to distinguish between theory xy attitudes and theory xy behaviors. Pdf theory x and theory y type leadership behavior and its. Perception of management toward the employees in the banking industry of bangladesh article pdf available november 2017 with 9,339 reads.
Does your attitude to people affect how you lead and motivate. Mcgregors theoryx and theoryy what is human resource. To start off with, heres a brief definition of mcgregors theory x and theory y. There are two highly plausible reasons why prior research has not empirically supported mcgregors 1960 theory x and theory y or, for brevity, theory xy with regard to job performance. How attitudes and assumptions about people and behaviour affect our management style. Davis colonel tooele army depot douglas mcgregors landmark book, the human side of enterprise 1960, changed the path of management. Xy theory questionnaire score the statements 5 always, 4 mostly, 3 often, 2 occasionally, 1 rarely, 0 never to indicate whether the situation and management style is x or y. What is the difference between mcgregors theory x and. The idea behind using letters x and y, perhaps seems to be using a neutral terminology, which does not convey any sense of badness or goodness associated with these theories. According to mcgregor, the perception of managers on the nature of individuals. Ed2016012 faculty of education department of vocational education business education unit university of calabar, calabar submitted to ven. Copy of mcgregors x and y theory by cori tompkic on prezi. Difference between theory x and theory y with comparison. Prottas assistant professor of management adelphi university anne l.
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